A dolly zoom (also known as a "Vertigo effect" or "zolly") is a camera technique where the camera physically moves toward or away from a subject while simultaneously zooming in the opposite direction, creating a disorienting shift in perspective.
The dolly zoom is one of cinema's most distinctive and psychologically impactful camera techniques. Made famous by Alfred Hitchcock in "Vertigo" (1958), it creates an unsettling visual effect where the subject remains the same size in the frame while the background appears to stretch or compress. This contradicts how perspective normally works in human vision, creating a visceral sense of unease, realization, or psychological shift.
The technique works by counterbalancing two opposing movements. As the camera dollies forward (moves physically closer to the subject), the lens simultaneously zooms out (widening the field of view) — or vice versa. The subject stays consistently framed because the physical movement and the zoom cancel each other out in terms of subject size, but the changing focal length dramatically alters the apparent distance and scale of the background relative to the subject.
In commercial and corporate video, the dolly zoom is used sparingly and with intention — it is a bold visual statement that draws immediate attention. It can effectively highlight a moment of revelation, emphasize a product reveal, or create visual interest in otherwise straightforward content. Because of its strong associations with cinema, a well-executed dolly zoom instantly signals cinematic quality and creative ambition. However, overuse diminishes its impact, so it works best as a carefully chosen signature moment within a larger piece.
B-roll is supplementary footage that is intercut with the primary footage (A-roll) to provide visual variety, context, and illustrative imagery that supports the main narrative.
A Steadicam is a camera stabilization system worn by the operator that uses a mechanical arm, vest, and gimbal to isolate the camera from the operator's body movements, producing smooth, fluid shots while walking or moving.
A tracking shot is a camera movement where the camera physically moves through space to follow, lead, or move alongside a subject, typically achieved using dolly tracks, a Steadicam, or a gimbal.